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COSMOS 2434 (721)
Russian Navigation Satellite (GLONASS-M) · Russian Aerospace Forces
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Cosmos 2434, launched in 2007, carries the improved GLONASS-M signal structure and extended operational lifespan that defined Russia's satellite navigation recovery program. Unlike GPS, which broadcasts every satellite on the same frequency using different codes, classic GLONASS satellites each broadcast on a slightly different frequency — a design called FDMA that made early GLONASS receivers more complex and expensive to build than GPS equivalents, a technical choice that shaped the system's slower global commercial adoption.
Its orbit
- Orbit
- Medium Earth Orbita high vantage point, ideal for navigation
- Altitude
- 11,888–11,894 mi (19,132–19,141 km)
- Inclination
- 64.3°
- One orbit
- 11.3 hours2.1 orbits a day
- NORAD ID
- 32393
- Int’l designator
- 2007-065A
- Launched
- 2007
Orbital elements from CelesTrak, as of 22 Sep 2026.
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